Domain- and paradigm-wide shifts across the programming language landscape.

Domain-wide

• Web: JavaScript/Ruby/PHP/Python/Java/C# => TypeScript/Dart/Go/Rust/Zig/Roc/Crystal

• Verification: Agda/Isabelle/Dafny => Coq/Lean/Idris/TLA+/Rust

• Scripting: Python/Lua/Perl/Groovy => Roc/Crystal/Go/Zig

• Shells: Sh/Bash/CMD => Nushell/Fish/Zsh/PowerShell

• Mobile: Objective-C/Java => Swift/Kotlin/Dart/Zig

• Graphics: C/C++/CUDA => Zig/Rust/Odin/Jai

• Systems: C/C++/COBOL => Zig/Rust/Hare/Nim

• SciComp: Fortran/MATLAB => Julia/Futhark

• Statistics: Stata/R/VBA => Python

• AI: C/C++/CUDA/Python => Mojo

• Typesetting: TeX => Typst

Paradigm-wide

• Imperative (OOP => DOD): C/C++/Java/C#/Python/Ruby => Zig/Mojo/Rust/Swift/Crystal

• Functional: Haskell/OCaml/Elixir/Scala/Clojure/F#/Elm => Roc/Koka/Unison/Gleam

• Concatenative: Forth/Factor/Joy/Cat => Kitten/Dt

• Logic: Prolog/Scheme => Wolfram/Racket/Kanren

• Array: APL/BQN/J => Uiua